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语言学与应用语言学百科全书词典
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历史：
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短语 phrase ❶语法学术语。指构成一个语法单位的一组词，它没有限定动词，也不存在主述结构。例如，I like his wonderful ideas.（我喜欢他精彩的想法）。传统上短语被视为结构层级的组成部分，介于小句（clause）和词之间，通常根据其中心语进行分类，如名词短语（如a beautiful girl）、介词短语（如in the corner）、副词短语（如very slowly）、形容词短语（如old and young）等。短语在生成语法中的用途较广，分析初始阶段的一般描写（短语结构语法、短语标记、投射等）和相关的分析单位（名词短语、动词短语等）都用到这个短语。❷句法学术语，亦称词群（word group）。指大于一个词而又小于一个完整句子的任何句法单位。主要用于生成语法的短语结构语法（phrase structure grammar）、短语结构规则（phrase structure rule）和短语结构树形图（phrase structure tree）之中。例如：［1］They［said［they［liked cheese］］］. ［2］They liked cheese. 例［1］中几对用括号括起来的都是短语，包括自成分句的they liked cheese。在此意义上的phrase不同于常见的作为小于分句的句法单位的phrase。
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