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语言学与应用语言学百科全书词典
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优先选择 preference 话语分析术语，在话语分析中用作描述某些选项的结构标记显著度（structurally markedness of options）。例如，在相邻语对（adjacency pairs）中，与“提供（offer）”相匹配和对应的是“接受或拒绝（acceptance/rejection）”：［1］A: Would you like some more sandwiches? B: Sure. ［2］A: Would you like some more sandwiches? B: Thank you，（pause）but I am really full，just some tea please... 相比较而言，未标记的优先选项（the unmarked preferred option，如例子中的“接受”）在结构和语义上均不如有标记的次要选项（the marked，non-preferred option，如例子中的“拒绝”）那么复杂，导致其复杂的因素包括感谢（Thank you）、拖延（pause，又称作interruption）、解释（but I am really full）以及建议（just some tea please）等。另外，优先及非优先选项在话轮转换中的位置也不一样，优先选项通常在一开始就得以实现或表述，而非优先选项通常要到结束时才得到表述和实现。
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