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rough adjective | noun | verb | adverb
 1 
rough / rQf ; rQf /adjective
rougher, roughest
1. NOT SMOOTH 不平的, having an uneven surface〔表面〕粗糙的，不平的;ANTsmooth
•Her hands were rough from hard work.她的手因干重活变粗糙了。
•the rough terrain at the base of the mountains山脚下崎岖不平的地形
•We were bumping over the rough ground.我们在崎岖的路面上颠簸而行。
2. NOT EXACT 不确切的, usually before nounnot exact, not containing many details, or not in a final form不确切的，粗略的，大致的;SYNapproximate
•a rough sketch of the house房子的草图
•a rough translation粗糙的翻译
•Could you give me a rough idea what time you'll be home?你能告诉我你大概什么时候回家吗？
•a rough estimate of the cost对成本的粗略估计
•First do a rough draft of your essay.首先给你的论文打一个草稿。
3. PROBLEMS / DIFFICULTIES 问题/困难, a rough period is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficulties〔时期〕艰难的;SYNtough
a rough day / week etc艰难的一天/一个星期等
rough times艰难的日子
hit a rough patch / spot遇到一段困难时期
go through a rough patch / spot历经一段困难时期
have a rough time (of it)遇到困难
be in for / face a rough ride ( = be going to have a difficult time )面临困难
rough going ( = a period when you have a lot of difficulties )艰难时期
•The first year was rough, but things have gotten better.第一年很艰难，但现在已经好起来了。
•Sounds like you had a rough day .听上去你这一天很不顺。
•We've been through some rough times together.我们曾经共渡难关。
•My boyfriend and I were going through a rough patch .我和男朋友之间有点麻烦。
•The bill is in for a rough ride in the Senate.这个草案在参议院遭遇阻碍。
•It's been rough going , but we've almost finished now.很费劲，不过我们现在基本上已经完成了。
4. NOT GENTLE 不温柔的, using force, anger, or violence粗野的，粗暴的;ANTgentle
•Rugby is a very rough sport.橄榄球是一项非常粗野的运动。
•Don't be too rough – she's only little.别太粗暴 — 她还小。
•Paul gave her a rough shake.保罗使劲地摇晃她。
•equipment capable of withstanding rough treatment 坚固耐用的设备
•The referee won't allow any rough stuff (=violent behaviour) .裁判不允许出现任何粗暴行为。
be rough on sb ( = treat someone unkindly or criticize them in an angry way )对某人很凶
•Don't you think you were a little rough on her?你不觉得你对她有点儿凶吗？
5. TOWN / AREA ETC 城镇/地区等, a rough area is a place where there is a lot of violence or crime〔地方〕多暴力的; 犯罪率高的:
•a rough part of town城里较乱的地区
6. WEATHER / SEA 天气/海, with strong wind or storms暴风雨的; 风浪大的;ANTcalm
•The ship went down in rough seas .船在汹涌的波涛中沉没了。
7. VOICE / SOUND 嗓音/声音
a. not sounding soft or gentle, and often rather unpleasant or angry〔声音〕不悦耳的，粗声粗气的:
•Barton's deep, rough voice巴顿低沉沙哑的嗓音
b. having an unpleasant sound, especially because there is something wrong with a machine刺耳的，难听的〔尤指机器出现故障时发出的声音〕:
•The clutch sounds rough – better get it checked.离合器的声音不对头，最好检查一下。
8. SIMPLE / NOT WELL MADE 简单的/做得不好的, simple and often not very well made简单的; 粗糙的:
•a rough wooden table粗糙的木桌
9. NOT COMFORTABLE 不舒服的, uncomfortable, and with difficult conditions不舒服的; 条件艰苦的:
•The journey was long and rough.旅途漫长而艰苦。
10. have rough edges also be rough around the edges
a. to have some parts that are not as good as they should be, but that are not a serious problem有小问题，有不足之处:
•The team has a few rough edges, but they're winning more games.这支球队虽然有些小问题，但他们赢得了更多的比赛。
b. if a person is rough around the edges, they are not very polite, educated etc〔人〕粗鲁，粗俗
11. rough night a night when you did not sleep well不眠之夜，辗转反侧的一夜:
•Mickey had a rough night last night.米基昨晚睡得很不安稳。
12. a rough deal something that happens to you that is unfair or unpleasant不公平的待遇; 不愉快的事:
•He's had a rough deal with his wife leaving him like that.妻子就这样离开了，这对他很不公平。
13. feel rough BrE informalto feel ill感觉身体不适
14. look rough BrE informalto look untidy, dirty, or unhealthy看上去邋遢（肮脏，不健康）:
•After travelling for two days we must have looked pretty rough.在路上走了两天，我们肯定是蓬头垢面的。
15. rough and ready not perfect, but good enough for a particular purpose粗糙但能用的:
•The tests are only a rough and ready guide to a pupil's future development.这些测试只能大致看出一个学生未来的发展。
16. rough justice punishment that is not decided in a court in the usual legal way, and that is often severe or unfair私刑:
•Gangs practise a kind of rough justice on their members.黑帮对其成员用私刑。
—roughness noun U
⇒ROUGH DIAMOND,ROUGH PAPER,ROUGHLY
 2 
roughnoun
1. the rough uneven ground with long grass on an area where people play golf〔高尔夫球场的〕深草区;ANTgreen
2. take the rough with the smooth to accept the bad things in life as well as the good ones既能享乐也能吃苦; 好坏都能接受:
•You have to learn to take the rough with the smooth.你要学会好坏都能承受。
3. Ca picture drawn very quickly, not showing all the details草图，略图;SYNsketch
•a rough of the proposed housing development拟建住宅区的草图
4. in rough BrEif you write or draw something in rough, you do it without paying attention to details or tidiness, because you are going to do it again later粗略地，大致地:
•It's best to work in rough first, and then write it out neatly.最好先打一个草稿，然后再工整地誊写出来。
5. a bit of rough BrE informalsomeone from a lower social class than you, with whom you have a sexual relationship〔社会地位比自己低的〕性伙伴
⇒DIAMOND IN THE ROUGH
 3 
roughverb
1. rough it informalto live for a short time in conditions that are not very comfortable〔短时期〕过艰苦的生活:
•I don't mind roughing it for a while.偶尔艰苦一下，我无所谓。
 PHRASAL VERBS 
rough sth ↔ out
BrEto draw or write something without including all the details勾勒，画…的轮廓; 草拟:
•a diagram the engineer had roughed out on his notepad工程师在记事本上画的一幅草图
rough sb ↔ up
•informal
 4 
roughadverb
1. sleep rough BrEto sleep outside with nothing to protect you from the weather, especially because you have no home to live in露宿〔尤因无家可归〕:
•the number of people sleeping rough on the street露宿街头的人数
2. play rough to play in a fairly violent way玩得粗野
⇒cut up rough at CUT UP(4)

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