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中考 高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 BNC: 1754 COCA: 1422
burn verb | noun
 1 
burn / bLn ; b\:n /verb (past tense and past participle burnt) / b?nt ; b?:nt / or burned
1. PRODUCE FLAMES AND HEAT 产生火和热, I
a. if a fire burns, it produces heat and flames〔火〕燃烧:
•There was a fire burning in the fireplace.壁炉里烧着火。
•An average household candle will burn for about six hours.一般的家用蜡烛可以点六小时左右。
b. if something is burning, it is producing flames and being damaged or destroyed by fire〔某物〕燃烧:
•Parts of the building are still burning.大楼的有些地方仍在燃烧。
2. DESTROY STH WITH FIRE 烧毁某物, Tto destroy or damage something with fire焚烧，烧毁:
•I burnt all his old letters.我把他的旧信全烧了。
•Cars were burned and shops were looted during the rioting.暴乱期间，汽车被焚，商店遭抢劫。
•The Grand Hotel had burnt to the ground .格兰德大酒店被大火夷为平地。
•Make sure the iron isn't too hot or you'll burn the cloth.熨斗温度一定不能过高，免得烫坏布料。
•He dropped his cigarette and burnt a hole in the carpet.他的香烟掉下来，把地毯烫了一个洞。
3. INJURE / KILL SB WITH FIRE 烧伤/烧死某人, Tto hurt yourself or someone else with fire or something hot烧伤; 烫伤:
•I burned my hand on the oven door.我的手被烤箱门烫伤了。
•She was badly burned in a road accident.她在一次交通事故中被严重烧伤。
•16 passengers were burned to death (=died in a fire) .有 16 名乘客被烧死。
•A family of five were burned alive in their home last night (=died in a fire) .昨晚有一家五口在家中被活活烧死。
•Heretics were burnt at the stake (=burnt in a fire as a punishment) .异教徒被绑在火刑柱上烧死。
4. SUN 太阳, I,Tif the sun burns your skin, or if your skin burns, it becomes red and painful from the heat of the sun晒伤;
⇒sunburn:
•I burn quite easily.我很容易晒伤。
•Don't forget you can still get burnt when you're swimming or when it's cloudy.别忘了，就是在游泳或阴天的时候你还是有可能晒伤的。
•Her face and neck were quite badly burned .她的脸和脖子晒伤得很厉害。
5. FOOD 食物, I,Tto spoil food by cooking it for too long, or to become spoiled in this way烧焦，烧糊:
•I'm afraid I've burnt the pizza.我怕是把比萨饼烤糊了。
burn sth to a crisp / cinder
•The meat was burned to a crisp.那肉给烤焦了。
6. CHEMICALS 化学物, Tto damage or destroy something by a chemical action腐蚀，烧伤:
•Quite a lot of household chemicals can burn your skin.有许多家用的化学品都能烧伤皮肤。
7. FUEL 燃料, I,Tif you burn a fuel, or if it burns, it is used to produce power, heat, light etc（使）〔燃料〕燃烧:
•The boiler burns oil to produce heat.锅炉烧汽油产生热量。
•greenhouse gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels燃烧矿物燃料产生的温室气体
8. FAT / ENERGY 脂肪/能量, Tif you burn fat or calories, you use up energy stored in your body by being physically active消耗〔脂肪或热量〕:
•Taking a brisk walk every morning is a great way to burn calories.每天早上轻快地散一下步是消耗热量的好办法。
•a fat-burning exercise消耗脂肪的运动
9. LIGHT 灯, Iif a light or lamp burns, it shines or produces light发光，照亮:
•A lamp was burning in the kitchen window.厨房窗户里亮着一盏灯。
•The hall light was still burning.大厅里依然灯火通明。
10. FEEL HOT AND PAINFUL 感到热和痛, I,Tif a part of your body burns, or if something burns it, it feels unpleasantly hot（使）〔身体部位〕灼痛，（使）火辣辣地痛:
•The whisky burned my throat as it went down.威士忌喝下去的时候，我的喉咙火辣辣的。
•My eyes were burning from the smoke.我的眼睛被烟熏得灼痛。
11. FACE / CHEEKS 脸/面颊, Iif your face or cheeks are burning, they feel hot because you are embarrassed or upset〔脸因窘迫或生气而〕发烫:
•I could feel my cheeks burning as I spoke.我说话的时候感觉到自己的脸烧得发烫。
12. CD 光盘, Tif you burn a CD or DVD , you record music, images, or other information onto it using special computer equipment烧制，刻录〔光盘或数码影碟〕
13. be burning with rage / desire etc to feel a particular emotion very strongly满腔怒火/满怀强烈的欲望等:
•She was burning with curiosity.她怀着强烈的好奇心。
14. be burning to do sth to want to do or find out something very much渴望做某事:
•I was burning to know how he had got on in New York.我极想知道他在纽约的情况。
15. be / get burned informal
a. to be emotionally hurt by someone or something感情受到伤害:
•Take things slowly – don't get burned again.慢慢来，别又让自己受到伤害了。
b. to lose a lot of money遭受巨大损失，巨额亏损:
•The company got badly burned in the dot.com collapse.网络行业崩溃的时候，公司遭受了重大亏损。
16. burn your fingers / get your fingers burned informalto suffer the unpleasant results of something that you have done〔因自己做的事〕吃苦头，吃亏:
•I tried a dating agency once, but got my fingers badly burnt – I'll never do it again.我找过一次婚姻介绍所，结果吃了大亏 — 我以后再也不这样做了。
17. burn a hole in your pocket if money burns a hole in your pocket, you want to spend it as soon as you can有钱就花光
18. burn your bridges / boats informalto do something with the result that you will not be able to return to a previous situation again, even if you want to破釜沉舟，自绝后路:
•I'm really tempted to take up that job offer in Washington, but I don't want to burn my boats with this company.我很想接受华盛顿的那个工作机会，可又不想和这家公司闹翻。
19. burn the candle at both ends informalto get very tired by doing things until very late at night and getting up early in the mornings一根蜡烛两头烧，起早贪黑而疲惫不堪
20. burn the midnight oil informalto work or study until late at night挑灯夜战，开夜车
21. it burns sb that / how etc AmEused to say that something makes someone feel angry or jealous使某人愤怒; 使某人心生妒意:
•It really burns me the way they treat us.他们这样对待我们，让我怒不可遏。
22. GO FAST 快速行驶, I always + adv / prepinformalto travel very fast疾驰:
[+ along / up etc ]
•a sports car burning up the motorway在高速公路上疾驰的一辆跑车
  to be burning 正在燃烧: be on fire, be ablaze, be alight
  to start burning 开始燃烧: catch fire, burst into flames, ignite
  to make something start burning 点燃某物: light, set fire to sth
  to make something stop burning 熄灭某物: put out, extinguish
  to hurt or damage your skin with hot liquid or steam 烫伤: scald
  the crime of deliberately setting fire to buildings 纵火罪: arson
 PHRASAL VERBS 
burn away
if something burns away or is burned away, it is destroyed by fire烧掉，烧毁，烧光:
burn sth ↔ away
•All her hair had been burnt away.她的头发全部烧光了。
burn down
1. if a building burns down or is burned down, it is destroyed by fire〔建筑物〕被烧毁:
•She was worried that the house might burn down while they were away.她担心他们不在的时候房子会被烧毁。
burn sth ↔ down
•The old town hall was burnt down in the 1970s.那所旧镇公所在 20 世纪 70 年代的时候被大火烧毁了。
2. if a fire burns down, the flames become weaker and it produces less heat〔火势〕减弱
burn sth ↔ off
1. to remove something by burning it烧掉:
•You can use a blowlamp to burn off the old paint.你可以用喷灯把旧的油漆烧掉。
2. to use energy that is stored in your body by doing physical exercise消耗〔体内的能量〕:
•I decided to go for a run to try and burn off a few calories.我决定去跑跑步，消耗一点热量。
burn out
1. if a fire burns out or burns itself out, it stops burning because there is no coal, wood etc left烧尽，燃尽:
•He left the fire to burn itself out .他让火自己熄灭。
2. be burnt out if a building or vehicle is burnt out, the inside of it is destroyed by fire被烧空:
•The hotel was completely burnt out. Only the walls remained.旅馆完全烧空，仅剩四壁。
•We passed several burnt out cars.我们从几辆被烧成空壳的汽车旁边经过。
3. burn sth ↔ out to remove something by burning it烧掉:
•The cancer cells are burnt out using a laser beam.用激光束烧死癌细胞。
4. to work so hard over a period of time that you become unable to continue working because you are tired, ill, or unable to think of any new ideas耗尽体力; 耗尽思想:
•It's a high-pressure job and you could burn out young.这是份压力很大的工作，年纪轻轻就会耗尽体力。
be / get burnt out
•He was almost burnt out by the time he was 21.他 21 岁的时候差不多就已江郎才尽了。
burn yourself out
•She's in danger of burning herself out.她可能会把自己累垮的。
⇒BURNOUT(1)
5. if an engine or electric wire burns out or is burnt out, it stops working because it has been damaged by getting too hot〔引擎或电线〕烧坏:
•The plugs are wired so that if one burns out, the others will still start the engine.火花塞由电线相连，因此要是一个烧坏，其他几个仍能将引擎发动起来。
burn sth ↔ out
•I think you've burnt out one of the gaskets.我想你是把其中一个密封垫烧坏了。
6. if a ROCKET or jet burns out, it stops working because all its FUEL has been used〔火箭或喷气式飞机〕燃油耗尽
⇒BURNOUT(2)
burn up
1. if something burns up or is burnt up, it is completely destroyed by fire or heat烧毁，烧尽:
•The satellite will burn up as it re-enters the earth's atmosphere.卫星重新进入地球大气层时将被烧毁。
burn sth ↔ up
•Most of the woodland has now been burnt up.现在大多数林地都被烧光了。
2. burn sth ↔ up informalto use a lot of something in a careless way大量消耗:
•Most household appliances burn up loads of electricity.大多数家用电器耗电量很大。
•He just burns up money!他花钱如流水！
3. be burning up spokenif someone is burning up, they are very hot, usually because they are ill发烧，体温高:
•Feel his forehead – he's burning up.摸摸他的额头 — 他发烧了。
4. burn sb up AmE informalto make someone very angry使某人气愤:
•The way he treats her really burns me up.他那样对待她实在让我很光火。
5. burn sth ↔ up to use energy that is stored in your body, by being physically active消耗〔体内的能量〕:
•As we get older, our body becomes less efficient at burning up calories.随着年龄的增长，我们的身体消耗热量的能力越来越弱。
 2 
burnnoun C
1. an injury caused by fire, heat, the light of the sun, or acid〔因火、高温、太阳光或酸引起的〕烫伤，灼伤:
•His body was covered in cigarette burns.他身上全是烟头烫伤。
severe / serious burns
•She was taken to the hospital with serious burns.她严重烧伤，被送到了医院。
•Several of the survivors suffered severe burns .有几名幸存者被严重烧伤。
•She is being treated for minor burns .她轻度烧伤，正在接受治疗。
2. a mark on something caused by fire or heat烧伤的痕迹，烫伤的痕迹:
•The desk was covered with graffiti and burn marks .书桌上涂满了乱七八糟的东西，还有火烧的痕迹。
3. a painful mark on the skin caused by it rubbing hard against something rough擦伤
4. the burn informala painful hot feeling in your muscles when you exercise a lot〔大量锻炼使肌肉产生的〕酸痛感:
•Go for the burn.去体验一下这种酸痛感。
5. BrEa small stream小溪

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