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scratch 13
laser 62
血红蛋白 21
comprehension 57
soda 62
优先选择 3
诗歌 39
cherry 25
otherwise 27
profession 32
parliament 49
goodness 66
swell 35
furthermore 9
brief 13
snowy 21
prisoner 33
rebellion 61
well-known 3
steamer 123
spy 112
vehicle 50
mechanical 5
following 33
冬 54
succeed 24
point 42
quart 33
prior 25
specialist 24
chess 47
hang 78
柏杨 98
intermediate 121
commitment 127
atmosphere 124
cord 7
permanently 42
aim 37
inward 34
iron 21
Oceania 7
van 25
luxury 38
SJTJ1120 8
depart 8
clever 53
depth 8
lower 23
twinkle 47
trifle 23
episode 16
好 16
establish 64
flock 29
criticism 124
activity 47
姬 9
孤岛 19
limb 14
vanish 19
urge 6
rubbish 17
minority 15
observe 23
signature 20
ant 7
constitution 21
rust 13
嵌入 12
crazy 50
outset 44
非强制性 12
extend 30
ribbon 14
associate 22
sum 40
heat 6
plus 2
centigrade 20
wholly 12
keeper 14
blossom 1
column 50
chapter 1
indecent 1
temper 1
强调 9
yawn 1
inexpensive 41
shepherd 41
southeast 27
intentional 47
短语 58
exhibit 16
argue 14
career 26
import 19
单位 34
institution 22
prescribe 18
vibration 39
agriculture 61
statistic 35
exclusive 9
task 10
deadly 9
supply 18
disguise 52
instrument 22
consumer 29
pain 59
deceive 11
nervous 57
probable 17
emperor 26
thumb 45
comrade 15
segment 21
transplant 6
millimeter 27
radar 6
exit 32
preference 11
liter 49
词干 115
XHDCD2970 112
mourn 15
elevator 6
口腔音 8
李白 119
破折号 151
millimetre 21
pebble 124
scrape 25
oral 15
justice 51
vine 3
spot 13
digest 45
omit 16
radical 19
corresponding 7
情感 71
prosperity 6
northern 47
weigh 57
female 6
term 67
progress 76
赞同 72
tail 14
毫 134
appliance 81
待选项 6
petroleum 72
overcome 17
remove 60
借用2 28
likelihood 71
束 26
popular 19
ore 8
objective 28
overcoat 63
mechanically 55
gang 46
tempt 25
rare 31
operator 48
lover 27
elastic 48
personnel 34
同一性 57
blade 44
shopkeeper 7
ditch 19
classic 21
event 28
pea 18
repeatedly 28
rapidly 44
dirt 19
舌叶 53
mistress 42
unit 14
trail 41
further 50
bulk 12
chop 62
福克斯语 21
contemporary 22
relief 50
发音2 9
音高 27
anxiety 8
heal 14
roof 18
motor 8
outward 10
marriage 8
actual 28
wax 12
airline 17
peculiar 12
toy 9
weave 13
pond 20
island 42
notice 31
horn 6
sparkle 8
heroic 42
salad 33
plunge 18
impatient 34
search 15
facility 35
via 25
sentence 50
weapon 42
mortal 59
regarding 25
brisk 9
God 16
unsatisfactory 9
legend 8
competitive 26
possibly 50
remarkable 27
condition 20
infinite 45
cement 5
mouse 13
promise 19
greedy 23
gradually 63
conclude 47
affect 42
bundle 18
resource 6
enforce 47
electronics 21
puppet 25
implication 7
torch 18
bristle 52
furnace 16
oblige 38
humid 57
rough 49
centimetre 43
choke 65
harden 11
produce 86
pipe 40
quiz 61
link 50
句子 108
holy 51
especially 68
article 70
penny 45
skill 22
bet 27
socialist 11
contempt 27
contribute 15
refine 47
lens 19
cheat 8
graceful 31
scarcely 15
quit 25
moderate 29
slope 32
extremely 49
freeze 35
revolutionary 57
pretend 46
captain 69
surroundings 54
chain 67
beneath 65
sadly 71
fox 41
loan 48
hatch 34
outlook 28
aural 28
comment 26
orphan 24
lamp 26
thickness 20
mould 24
participate 23
desperate 50
postpone 26
impress 62
cave 57
fortunate 59
earthquake 23
jungle 45
unusually 47
surgery 57
pudding 44
finance 46
endure 68
ampere 35
upon 43
adopt 33
remark 28
calm 60
resign 47
optical 28
curious 68
enlarge 26
vacuum 26
senior 42
sale 45
commission 71
gauge 33
top 57
engine 4
identity 41
happen 46
normally 41
transformation 64
magazine 11
birth 41
lecture 57
lemon 44
win 55
leader 39
impose 52
ink 21
dash 61
lamb 37
shuttle 31
merry 64
drought 14
fortune 32
position 78
wool 44
consideration 37
练习 69
pale 59
punishment 67
unload 69
forth 54
label 52
distress 55
mechanic 63
crust 58
glorious 60
seal 17
socialism 60
stroke 62
refer 83
acquire 82
volunteer 62
feature 68
dormitory 67
retire 67
nineteen 65
rage 68
difference 60
independent 66
prosperous 75
carve 68
sore 58
framework 49
操练 82
systematic 63
fluid 64
大西洋语族 49
punish 42
player 70
massive 55
automatic 57
pursue 71
deaf 72
disk 59
special 62
shell 50
acknowledge 56
bite 48
discourage 69
rotation 102
pack 64
material 63
mayor 61
fertilizer 56
拉丁语 122
shelf 46
loosen 44
assume 44
appreciate 62
advice 34
gray 32
particle 33
authority 42
insure 32
porridge 31
移后同化 19
plural 48
refreshment 35
indoors 27
fountain 40
音节坡 20
excitement 42
maths 49
thought 26
wavelength 27
复数 42
utilize 19
useless 26
scientific 26
loose 22
bubble 36
consciousness 29
register 81
rush 69
wonderful 27
protect 23
owing 128
beloved 15
resemble 36
consumption 20
correspond 52
goal 56
aspect 139
reluctant 52
lively 31
tomato 23
interest 24
tutor 67
document 37
speech 27
paw 26
肏 43
export 36
tough 13
tremendous 36
trace 61
silly 55
技能 91
dissolve 60
erect 58
reliability 21
messenger 41
federal 25
bathroom 62
deceit 73
microscope 58
transport 58
purely 64
attraction 56
bend 61
Atlantic 51
dispute 71
sunshine 64
吸引变化 42
delegation 64
refuse 89
observer 48
emphasize 42
glory 39
business 39
keen 52
architecture 37
publication 44
prime 58
stormy 18
calculator 29
gay 26
virtually 74
liquor 22
magic 27
exceed 24
monthly 27
述题 22
base 29
robot 22
sex 18
canteen 25
generation 40
treatment 47
disorder 33
ceiling 40
rusty 55
tailor 39
individual 35
tradition 57
statistical 24
价值 46
promote 73
human 19
cargo 36
drift 21

高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

scratch

verb

/skrætʃ/

Verb Forms

present simple I / you / we / they scratch	/skrætʃ/ /skrætʃ/
he / she / it scratches	/ˈskrætʃɪz/ /ˈskrætʃɪz/
past simple scratched	/skrætʃt/ /skrætʃt/
past participle scratched	/skrætʃt/ /skrætʃt/
-ing form scratching	/ˈskrætʃɪŋ/ /ˈskrætʃɪŋ/

Idioms Phrasal Verbs

jump to other results

rub with your nails用指甲挠

[transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching挠，搔（痒处）

scratch something John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。
scratch (yourself) The dog scratched itself behind the ear.狗用爪子挠挠耳后。
Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。
scratch at something She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。

Extra Examples

He absently scratched his head.他心不在焉地挠了挠头。
He kept scratching at his nose.他不停地挠着鼻子。
He scratched at his beard for a few seconds.他抓了几下胡子。

Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb

badly
absently
lightly
…

preposition

at
on
with
…

See full entry

cut skin划破皮肤

[transitive, intransitive] to cut or damage your skin slightly with something sharp划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤）

scratch (somebody/something/yourself) I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿抓出了血。
Does the cat scratch?这只猫抓人吗？
scratch somebody/something/yourself on something She scratched herself on a nail.她被钉子划了一下。

Extra Examples

I scratched my arm on a rose bush.我被玫瑰花丛划伤了胳膊。
She scratched his face with her nails.她用指甲抓伤了他的脸。
She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。

Topics Illnessb2

Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb

badly
absently
lightly
…

preposition

at
on
with
…

See full entry

damage surface损坏表面

[transitive] scratch something to damage the surface of something, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it（尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏

Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏家具。
The car's paintwork is badly scratched.车的漆面划损得很厉害。

Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadverb

badly
absently
lightly
…

preposition

at
on
with
…

See full entry

make/remove mark造成／去除痕迹

[transitive] scratch something + adv./prep. to make or remove a mark, etc. on something deliberately, by rubbing it with something hard or sharp刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹

They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.他们在泥地上划出一个球场。
Some graffiti had been scratched on the back of the door.门后擦了些涂鸦。
We scratched some of the dirt away.我们刮掉了一些脏东西。
(figurative) You can scratch my name off the list.你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。

make sound发出声音

[intransitive] (+ adv./prep.) to make an annoying noise by rubbing something with something sharp刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声

His pen scratched away on the paper.他的笔在纸上沙沙地响。
We could hear mice scratching behind the wall.我们可以听到老鼠在墙后抓挠。
The dog kept scratching at the door to go out.那条狗不停地抓门，想出去。

a living生计

[transitive] scratch a living to make enough money to live on, but with difficulty勉强维持生活

75% of the population scratch a living from the soil.75％的人口从土壤中谋生。

cancel取消

[transitive, intransitive] to decide that something cannot happen or somebody/something cannot take part in something, before it starts取消；撤销；退出

scratch somebody/something to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划
scratch somebody/something from something The horse was scratched from the race because of injury.这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。
scratch (from something) She had scratched because of a knee injury.她因膝伤退出了比赛。

Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.

Idioms

scratch your head (over something)

to think hard in order to find an answer to something苦苦琢磨；苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁
- Experts have been scratching their heads over the increase in teenage crime.专家们一直在为青少年犯罪的增加而绞尽脑头。

scratch the surface (of something)

to deal with, understand, or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem作肤浅的探讨；浅尝辄止；隔靴搔痒
- We left feeling that we had just scratched the surface of this fascinating country.我们感到自己刚刚触及了这个迷人的国家。
- The investigation barely scratched the surface of the city's drug problem.这次调查只是触及了该城市毒品问题的表面。

you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours

(saying) used to say that if somebody helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others礼尚往来；私相授受

scratch

noun

/skrætʃ/

Idioms

jump to other results

mark/cut划痕；划伤

[countable] a mark, a cut or an injury made by scratching somebody’s skin or the surface of something（皮肤或物体表面上的）划痕，划伤

Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles.她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。
a scratch on the paintwork漆面上的一道划痕
It's only a scratch (= a very slight injury).不过是轻微的划伤。
without a scratch He escaped without a scratch (= was not hurt at all).他毫发未损地逃了出去。

Extra Examples

I've got some nasty scratches on my legs.我腿上有些很严重的擦伤。
Powdered cleansers will leave scratches on the glass.清洁粉会在玻璃上留下擦痕。

Topics Illnessb2

Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective

deep
long
nasty
…

verb + scratch

have
get
leave
…

scratch + noun

mark

preposition

without a scratch

See full entry

sound声音

[singular] the unpleasant sound of something sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声

with your nails用指甲

[singular] the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches挠痒；搔痒

Go on, have a good scratch!来吧，好好挠一挠！

Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.

Idioms

from scratch

without any previous preparation or knowledge从头开始；从零开始
- I learned German from scratch in six months.我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。
- He built the orchestra up from scratch.他从零开始建立了乐团。
from the very beginning, not using any of the work done earlier从头（做起）；从零开始
- They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。

up to scratch

as good as something/somebody should be达到要求；合乎标准 synonym satisfactory
- His work simply isn't up to scratch.他的工作根本达不到要求。
- It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch.得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。

scratch

adjective

/skrætʃ/

(British English)

jump to other results

put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available仓促拼凑的
- a scratch team一支仓促组建的队伍
(especially in golf尤指高尔夫球) with no handicap无让杆的；无差点的
- a scratch player参加无让杆比赛的球手
Topics Sports: ball and racket sportsc2

Word Originlate Middle English: probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words scrat and cratch, both of uncertain origin; compare with Middle Low German kratsen and Old High German krazzōn.

高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

scratchscratchD.J.:[skrætʃ]K.K.:[skrætʃ]vt. & vi.1.■抓, 搔The dog is always scratching.那只狗老是搔痒。He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.他有一种奇怪的习惯, 一讲话就搔耳朵。2.■刮伤The brambles scratched my legs.荆棘刺伤了我的双腿。3.■勾掉, 删掉I hope you are not going to scratch me.我希望你不会把我的名字从比赛中划去。n.1.■抓; 搔痒His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.他的狗想进来时就用爪子抓门。2.■抓痕, 抓伤Her face was covered with scratches.她脸上有很多划痕。3.■刮擦声I heard the scratches on the old records.我听到旧唱片的沙沙声。

高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

scratch verb | noun | adjective

1
scratch / skrAtF ; skrAtF /verb
1. RUB YOUR SKIN 挠皮肤, I,Tto rub your skin with your nails because it feels uncomfortable〔用指甲〕挠，搔，轻抓;
⇒itch:

•John yawned and scratched his leg.约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠腿。

•Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。

[+ at ]

•He was scratching at the bites on his arm.他在挠手臂上被叮咬的地方。

2. CUT SB'S SKIN 割破某人的皮肤, I,Tto cut someone's skin slightly with your nails or with something sharp〔用指甲或利器〕抓破，抓伤; 划破:

•She ran at him and scratched his face.她冲过去抓他的脸。

•Don't scratch yourself on the thorns.别让刺扎着自己。

3. MAKE A MARK 划出痕迹, Tto make a small cut or mark on something by pulling something sharp across it划出，刮出〔痕迹〕:

•I'm afraid I've scratched your car.不好意思，我把你的汽车刮坏了。

•Some of the prisoners had scratched their names on the walls.有些犯人在墙上刻下自己的姓名。

4. ANIMALS 动物, I always + adv / prepif an animal scratches, it rubs its feet against something, often making a noise〔用爪子〕抓，刨:

•A few chickens scratched around in the yard.几只小鸡在院子里抓抓刨刨。

[+ at ]

•a dog scratching at the door to be let in抓门想进屋的一条狗

5. REMOVE STH 除去某物, T always + adv / prepto remove something from a surface by rubbing it with something sharp刮掉，划掉:
scratch sth off / away etc

•I scratched away a little of the paint with my fingernail.我用指甲刮掉一点油漆。

6. REMOVE WRITING 划去字迹, T always + adv / prepto remove a word from a piece of writing by drawing a line through it勾掉，划去〔写下的字〕:
scratch sth from / off sth

•I have scratched his name from the list.我把他的名字从名单上划掉了。

7. MAKE A NOISE 发出声音, I always + adv / prepto make a rough sound by moving something sharp across a surface〔用尖利物〕刮擦出声音:

•His pen scratched away on the paper.他的钢笔写在纸上刷刷地响。

8. scratch the surface to deal with only a very small part of a subject or problem仅触及问题的表面:
[+ of ]

•I think we have only scratched the surface of this problem.我认为我们仅仅触及了这个问题的表面。

9. scratch your head informalto think carefully about a difficult question or problem动脑筋，〔对难题〕冥思苦想:

•This crisis has politicians scratching their heads and wondering what to do.这场危机让政客们挠头不已，不知怎么办才好。

10. STOP STH HAPPENING 阻止某事发生, Tinformalif you scratch an idea or a plan, you decide that you will not do it取消，撤销〔想法或计划〕
11. REMOVE FROM RACE 退出比赛, I,Tinformalif someone scratches from a race, or if you scratch them from the race, they do not take part in it（使）退出比赛
12. you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours spokenused to say that you will help someone if they agree to help you你帮我，我也帮你
⇒scrape / scratch a living at LIVING² (1)

PHRASAL VERBS

scratch around BrE
to try to find or get something which is difficult to find or get〔困难地〕搜寻，查找，寻找:
[+ for ]

•homeless people scratching around for a place to shelter四处找寻蔽身之处的无家可归者

scratch sth ↔ out
to remove a word from a piece of writing by drawing a line through it划掉，删掉〔文字〕:

•Emma's name had been scratched out.埃玛的名字被划掉了。

2
scratchnoun
1. CUT 划伤, Ca small cut on someone's skin〔某人皮肤上的〕划痕，划伤:

•There were deep scratches all over her face.她脸上全是很深的划痕。

•Don't worry, it's only a scratch (=not a serious injury) .别担心，只是一道划伤。

•She was unharmed apart from a few cuts and scratches.除了几处皮外伤外，她安然无恙。

2. MARK 划痕, Ca thin mark or cut on the surface of something刮痕，划痕:

•There was a big scratch on the car door.汽车车门上有一条很长的划痕。

3. from scratch if you start something from scratch, you begin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before从零开始，从头开始; 白手起家:

•We had to start again from scratch .我们只好再次从零开始。

•He had built the business up from scratch .他白手起家创办了这家企业。

4. up to scratch BrE informalgood enough for a particular standard够得上标准，达到应有的水平:

•Some of this work isn't up to scratch.这项工作有些没有达到标准。

bring / get sth up to scratch

•We spent thousands of pounds getting the house up to scratch.我们花了几千英镑把房子弄得像个样子了。

5. RUB 揉搓, sing.especially BrEwhen you rub part of your body with your nails because it feels uncomfortable抓，挠:

•He stretched and had a scratch .他伸了个懒腰，抓了抓痒。

•He brushed his hair and gave his scalp a good scratch .他梳了一下头发，狠狠地抓了抓头皮。

6. SOUND 声音, Ca sound made by something sharp or rough being rubbed on a hard surface刮擦声:

•I heard the scratch of a match lighting a cigarette.我听到划火柴点香烟的声音。

3
scratchadjective no comparative
1. a scratch team or group of people has been put together in a hurry, using anyone that is available〔球队或一群人等〕仓促拼凑的，匆匆组成的
2. a scratch player in golf is very good and is not given any advantage in games〔高尔夫球员〕无让杆的，无让步优待的

高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

scratch (noun)
scratch (adjective)

scratch

11 ENTRIES FOUND:

¹ scratch /ˈskrætʃ/ verb

scratches; scratched; scratching

¹ scratch

/ˈskrætʃ/

verb

scratches; scratched; scratching

Learner's definition of SCRATCH

a : to rub your skin with something sharp (such as your fingernails) especially in order to stop an itch挠；搔痒

[+ object]

Will you scratch my back for me?你能不能帮我挠挠背？
Scratching the itch only makes it worse.越挠越痒。
The dog scratched its ear.那只狗挠了挠耳朵。

— sometimes used figuratively有时用作比喻

Maybe it's time to scratch the/that itch to travel I've had since I was a kid. [=maybe it's time to satisfy the urge I've had to travel]我从孩提时代就怀有去旅游的梦想，现在也许是时候实现这个梦想了。

[no object]

You shouldn't scratch. It'll just make your itch worse.不能挠，越挠越痒。

— see also scratch someone's back (below)

b : to make a shallow and narrow cut in (your skin) with something sharp (such as fingernails, claws, etc.)（用指甲、爪子等）抓伤，划破

[+ object]

The cat scratched me.那只猫把我抓伤了。
Thorns scratched our legs as we climbed through the briars.我们翻过灌木丛的时候腿被划破了。

[no object]

Careful, the cat will scratch.小心，这猫抓人。

c [no object] : to rub a surface or object with something sharp or rough in a way that produces a harsh sound刮擦发出刺耳声

The dog was scratching at the door.狗把门挠得沙沙响。

[+ object]

a : to make a line or mark in the surface of (something) by rubbing or cutting it with something rough or sharp划出，刮出（痕迹）

Be careful not to scratch the table.小心别把桌子刮坏了。
Someone scratched the paint on my car.有人把我车身的漆刮掉了。

b : to make (something, such as a line or letters) in the surface of something by using a stick, a sharp tool, etc.（用尖锐物）刻，划

The little boy scratched lines in the dirt with a stick.小男孩用一根棍儿在泥地上划了几道线。
They scratched their initials in the old bridge.他们在那座古老的桥上刻上了他们姓名的首字母。

c : to write (something) in a quick and untidy way潦草地写

She scratched a note to herself on a napkin.她在餐巾纸上潦草地记了点东西。

[+ object] informal

a : to decide not to do or continue with (something)取消；撤销

We had to scratch our picnic plans because of the weather.因为天气的缘故，我们不得不取消野餐的计划。
We should go to the movies tonight. No, scratch [=forget] that. Let's rent a DVD instead.我们今晚应该去电影院看电影的。算了吧，别去了。还是租一张DVD看好了。

b : to remove (someone) from the list of players who will be playing in a game使（某人）退出比赛

She was scratched from the starting lineup.她从首发阵容里被撤了下来。

scratch a living

or US scratch out a living

: to earn barely enough money to live勉强维持生活

He scratched out a living as a farmer.他是个农民，勉强维持着生计。

scratch off

[phrasal verb]

scratch (something) off or scratch off (something)

: to remove (something) from an object or surface by rubbing with a sharp edge or tool刮掉；擦除

Scratch off the gray box on the ticket to see if you've won!刮去票面上灰色方框区，看看你中奖了没！
She scratched the gum off her shoe with a stick.她用一根小棍把鞋上的口香糖刮掉了。

: to draw a line through (something that is written down)勾掉，划去（写下的东西）

He scratched his name off the list.他把自己的名字从名单上划掉。

scratch out

[phrasal verb]

scratch (something) out or scratch out (something)

: to draw a line through (something that is written down)勾掉，划去（写下的东西）

I scratched out the mistake.我把错误的地方划掉了。

scratch someone's back

informal

: to do something that helps someone else but that is often wrong or difficult to do帮助某人（指提供不当或难以做到的帮助）

You scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours. [=if you do something to help me, I'll do something to help you]你帮我，我就帮你。

scratch the surface

: to deal with or learn about only a small part of something仅触及表面；浅尝辄止

If you think she only did it for the money, you haven't even scratched the surface. [=there are many other factors, reasons, etc., involved]如果你认为她这么做仅仅是为了钱，那你连问题的皮毛都没看到。
There's so much to learn about this subject. I feel like I've only scratched the surface.关于这个话题有太多需要了解的地方。我觉得我只触及了皮毛而已。

scratch your head

informal

: to be confused about something : to think about something you do not understand冥思苦想

His odd behavior left us all scratching our heads. [=we could not understand his odd behavior]他古怪的行为让我们大家百思不得其解。

— scratcher

noun, plural scratchers [count]

a long-handled back scratcher [=a device you can use to scratch your back]痒痒挠

² scratch /ˈskrætʃ/ noun

plural scratches

² scratch

/ˈskrætʃ/

noun

plural scratches

Learner's definition of SCRATCH

[count]

a : a line or mark in the surface of something that is caused by something rough or sharp rubbing against it划痕；刮痕

There's a scratch in the paint on the new car!新车的漆有一道划痕！
The table is an antique but it doesn't have any dents or scratches.这张桌子是古董，但它没有任何凹陷或划痕。

b : a shallow and narrow cut in the skin that is caused by something sharp（皮肤上的）划痕，划伤

I got a scratch on my leg when I climbed the fence.我翻越围栏的时候，腿上被划了一道。
He escaped the fire without a scratch. [=without getting hurt; without any injuries]他逃离了火场，毫发无损。

[count] : the sound made when something sharp rubs against a surface or object刮擦物体时发出的声音

The only sound in the room during the test was the scratch of pencils on paper.考试时房间里唯一的声音就是铅笔在纸上的沙沙声。

[noncount] US slang : money

We don't have the scratch to buy a new car.我们一个子儿也没有，买不了新车。

from scratch

: with ingredients you have prepared yourself rather than with a prepared mixture of ingredients bought from a store用自制原料

bread/cookies made from scratch用自制原料做成的面包/曲奇饼
I used a frozen pie crust rather than making one from scratch.我用了一块现成的冷冻馅饼酥皮，而没有亲自动手做。

: from a point at which nothing has been done yet从零开始；从头开始；白手起家

We will have to start the project from scratch.这项工程我们得从零开始。
He built the company from scratch.他白手起家创建了这家公司。

up to scratch

chiefly British, informal

: good enough : as good as expected or wanted足够好；达到应有的水平 — usually used in negative statements通常用于否定句

Her performance wasn't up to scratch. [=(US) up to snuff]

³ scratch /ˈskrætʃ/ adjective

³ scratch

/ˈskrætʃ/

adjective

Learner's definition of SCRATCH

always used before a noun

of a golfer : having no handicap无让杆的

a scratch golfer [=an excellent golfer whose score is usually close to par]无让杆的高尔夫球员

chiefly British : put together quickly and without enough planning or thought仓促拼凑的；匆匆组成的

a scratch team仓促组建的队伍

高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644