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rough

adjective
 
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
(comparative rougher, superlative roughest)
Idioms
jump to other results

    not smooth不平滑

  1.  
     having a surface that is not even or regular粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的
    • rough ground高低不平的地面
    • The skin on her hands was hard and rough.她手上的皮肤粗糙且没有弹性。
    • Trim rough edges with a sharp knife.用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。
    opposite smooth
    Extra Examples
    • The car is designed for travelling over rough ground.这款车是专为在崎岖地面上行驶而设计的。
    • It has a slightly rough texture.它的质地略粗糙。
    2.

    not exact不确切

  2.  
     not exact; not including all details不确切的；粗略的；大致的 synonym approximate
    • a rough calculation/estimate of the cost对成本的粗略计算／估计
    • I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.我大致知道我想去哪里了。
    • There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess.那里约计有 20 人。
    • a rough draft of a speech讲话草稿
    • a rough sketch草图
    Extra Examples
    • It's only a very rough guide.这只是一个非常粗糙的指南。
    • We only had his rather rough version of events.我们只有他相当粗糙的事件。
    • He gave us a rough estimate of how much the work would cost.他粗略估计了这项工作的费用。
    • I made a rough sketch of the inside of the church.我画了一幅教堂内部环境的草图。
    3.

    violent粗暴

  3.  
     not gentle or careful; violent粗暴的；粗野的；猛烈的
    • This watch is not designed for rough treatment.这块手表不可猛烈震动。
    • They complained of rough handling by the guards.他们投诉警卫对他们动粗。
    • She doesn't like playing with the rough kids.她不喜欢和粗野的孩子一起玩耍。
    • Don't try any rough stuff with me!别想对我撒野！
    • Things got a bit rough, and the police were called.事情变得有些艰难，警察被叫了起来。
    • You don't have to be so rough!您不必这么粗糙！
    • One carer was sacked for being rough with a patient. 一名护理人员因对病人不舒服而被解雇。
  4.  
    where there is a lot of violence or crime犯罪盛行的；充斥暴力的；危险的
    • the roughest neighbourhood in the city市内最危险的街区
    • He had been brought up in a rough area of London. 他在伦敦的一个粗糙地区长大。
    Wordfinder
    Topics Buildingsb2

    5. sea/weather

  5.  
     having large and dangerous waves; wild and with storms汹涌的；风浪很大的
    • It was too rough to sail that night.那天夜里风浪太大，无法行船。
    • We had a rough passage across to the island.我们穿过那条小路到岛上。
    • They set sail in rough conditions.他们冒着风浪的危险起航了。
    • There's no way he could have swum ashore in such rough weather.他在这样恶劣的天气无法游上岸。
    • There were rough seas in the area at that time.当时该地区海浪汹涌。
    Topics Transport by waterb2

    6. difficult困难

  6. difficult and unpleasant艰难的；艰苦的 synonym tough
    • He's had a really rough time recently (= he's had a lot of problems).他最近真是困难重重。
    • We'll get someone in to do the rough work (= the hard physical work).我们会找个人来干这重活。
    • You two are obviously going through a rough patch right now.你们两个显然正在经历一个艰难的时期。
    Extra Examples
    • You had to stand in the train all night?—That's a bit rough.您必须整晚站在火车上吗？
    • Life was rough on the streets.流浪街头的生活很艰难。
    7.

    not well不舒服

  7. (British English) not feeling well不舒服的；不适的
    • You look rough—are you OK?你看上去不太舒服，你没事吧？
    • I had a rough night (= I didn't sleep well).我一夜没睡好觉。
    • I'm still feeling a bit rough.我还是有点不舒服。
    8.

    plain/basic简单；基本

  8. simply made and not finished in every detail; plain or basic粗糙的；不够精细的；朴实简单的
    • rough wooden tables粗糙的木桌
    • a rough track凹凸不平的小径
    • (British English) rough paper for making notes on做笔记的草稿纸
    9.

    not smooth不平滑

  9. not smooth or pleasant to taste, listen to, etc.味道差的；涩的；刺耳的；令人难受的
    • a rough wine/voice口感极差的葡萄酒；刺耳的声音
    Extra Examples
    • Her voice was rough with emotion.她的声音很激动。
    • ‘I suppose you expect me to apologize for this,’ he said in a rough voice.“我想你是要我为这事道歉吧。”他阴阳怪气地说道。
    10. Word OriginOld English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.
Idioms
have a rough/an easy ride | give somebody a rough/an easy ride
  1. (informal) to experience/not experience difficulties when you are doing something; to make things difficult/easy for somebody（使）举步维艰（或一帆风顺）
    • He will be given a rough ride at the party conference.在党员大会上他会很难过这一关。
    • The new teacher was given a rough ride by the class.这个班的学生让新老师吃尽苦头。
have a rough ride | give somebody a rough ride
  1. (informal) to experience difficulties when you are doing something; to make things difficult for somebody（使）举步维艰（或一帆风顺）
    • He will be given a rough ride at the party conference.在党员大会上他会很难过这一关。
a rough deal
  1. the fact of being treated unfairly不公平的待遇
(have some) rough edges | be rough around the edges
  1. (to have some) small parts, for example in a performance or in your character, that are not yet as good as they should be瑕疵；美中不足之处
    • The ballet still had some rough edges.这段芭蕾舞还有不足之处。
    • He had a few rough edges knocked off at school.他在学校改掉了一些坏毛病。
    • The films are very rough around the edges.薄膜的边缘很粗糙。
the rough end of the pineapple
  1. (Australian English, informal) a situation in which somebody is treated badly or unfairly受到不良（或不公平）对待的处境

rough

noun
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
 Idioms
jump to other results

    in golf高尔夫球

  1. the rough
     [singular] the part of a golf course where the grass is long, making it more difficult to hit the ball（高尔夫球场的）长草区
    • His second shot ended up in the rough.他的第二枪落入了草丛。
    compare fairwayTopics Sports: ball and racket sportsc2

    2. drawing/design绘画；设计

  2. [countable] (specialist) the first version of a drawing or design that has been done quickly and without much detail草稿；草图
    • Only the best of the roughs are shown to the editor.只有最好的草稿才能拿给编辑看。
    3.

    violent person暴徒

  3. [countable] (old-fashioned, informal) a violent person暴徒；粗野的人
    • a gang of roughs一帮暴徒
    4. Word OriginOld English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.
Idioms
a bit of rough
  1. (British English, slang) a person of a low social class who has a sexual relationship with somebody of a higher class（与社会地位较高者有性关系的）草根情人
in rough
  1. (especially British English) if you write or draw something in rough, you make a first version of it, not worrying too much about mistakes or details粗略地；大致上
    • Write it out in rough first then copy it neatly into your notebook.首先将其粗略写出，然后将其整齐地复制到笔记本中。
take the rough with the smooth
  1. to accept the unpleasant or difficult things that happen in life as well as the good things好事坏事都接受；既能享乐也能吃苦

rough

verb
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they rough
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
he / she / it roughs
/rʌfs/
/rʌfs/
past simple roughed
/rʌft/
/rʌft/
past participle roughed
/rʌft/
/rʌft/
-ing form roughing
/ˈrʌfɪŋ/
/ˈrʌfɪŋ/
Idioms Phrasal Verbs
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Idioms
rough it
  1. (informal) to live in a way that is not very comfortable for a short time暂时过艰苦的生活；渡过暂时的难关
    • We can sleep on the beach. I don't mind roughing it for a night or two.我们可以睡在海滩上，我不介意吃一两夜的苦。
    Topics Holidaysc2

rough

adverb
/rʌf/
/rʌf/
Idioms
jump to other results
  1. using force or violence粗鲁地；粗野地
    • Do they always play this rough?他们比赛总是这么粗野吗？
    Word OriginOld English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.
Idioms
live/sleep rough
  1. (British English) to live or sleep outdoors, usually because you have no home and no money风餐露宿（通常因为无家可归或贫穷）
    • young people sleeping rough on the streets露宿街头的年轻人
    related noun rough sleeper
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
roughroughD.J.:[rʌf]K.K.:[rʌf]adj.1.■粗糙的; 不平的The rough road made the car vibrate.坑坑洼洼的道路使车颠得厉害。This paper feels rough.这纸摸起来很粗糙。2.■粗鲁的; 粗暴的; 粗野的; 剧烈的Football is a rough sport.足球是一种很剧烈的运动。His reply was a bit rough.他的答复过于粗鲁了一点。Don't be so rough with the child.对小孩不要这样粗暴。3.■粗制的; 粗略的; 概略的As the jewel was in the rough state, he had no idea what size it would be when cut.这块宝石未经琢磨, 他不知道加工后有多大。It's just a very rough translation.这只是一篇非常粗糙的译稿。4.■(味道、声音等)令人不快的; 难吃的; 刺耳的The little boy has a rough tongue.这个小男孩讲话很不中听。5.■不舒服We had rather a rough time.我们经历了一段艰苦的日子。vt.1.■过艰苦生活The explorers had to rough it when they got into the jungle.那些探险者进入丛林后, 不得不过着艰苦的生活。
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
rough adjective | noun | verb | adverb
 1 
rough / rQf ; rQf /adjective
rougher, roughest
1. NOT SMOOTH 不平的, having an uneven surface〔表面〕粗糙的，不平的;ANTsmooth
•Her hands were rough from hard work.她的手因干重活变粗糙了。
•the rough terrain at the base of the mountains山脚下崎岖不平的地形
•We were bumping over the rough ground.我们在崎岖的路面上颠簸而行。
2. NOT EXACT 不确切的, usually before nounnot exact, not containing many details, or not in a final form不确切的，粗略的，大致的;SYNapproximate
•a rough sketch of the house房子的草图
•a rough translation粗糙的翻译
•Could you give me a rough idea what time you'll be home?你能告诉我你大概什么时候回家吗？
•a rough estimate of the cost对成本的粗略估计
•First do a rough draft of your essay.首先给你的论文打一个草稿。
3. PROBLEMS / DIFFICULTIES 问题/困难, a rough period is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficulties〔时期〕艰难的;SYNtough
a rough day / week etc艰难的一天/一个星期等
rough times艰难的日子
hit a rough patch / spot遇到一段困难时期
go through a rough patch / spot历经一段困难时期
have a rough time (of it)遇到困难
be in for / face a rough ride ( = be going to have a difficult time )面临困难
rough going ( = a period when you have a lot of difficulties )艰难时期
•The first year was rough, but things have gotten better.第一年很艰难，但现在已经好起来了。
•Sounds like you had a rough day .听上去你这一天很不顺。
•We've been through some rough times together.我们曾经共渡难关。
•My boyfriend and I were going through a rough patch .我和男朋友之间有点麻烦。
•The bill is in for a rough ride in the Senate.这个草案在参议院遭遇阻碍。
•It's been rough going , but we've almost finished now.很费劲，不过我们现在基本上已经完成了。
4. NOT GENTLE 不温柔的, using force, anger, or violence粗野的，粗暴的;ANTgentle
•Rugby is a very rough sport.橄榄球是一项非常粗野的运动。
•Don't be too rough – she's only little.别太粗暴 — 她还小。
•Paul gave her a rough shake.保罗使劲地摇晃她。
•equipment capable of withstanding rough treatment 坚固耐用的设备
•The referee won't allow any rough stuff (=violent behaviour) .裁判不允许出现任何粗暴行为。
be rough on sb ( = treat someone unkindly or criticize them in an angry way )对某人很凶
•Don't you think you were a little rough on her?你不觉得你对她有点儿凶吗？
5. TOWN / AREA ETC 城镇/地区等, a rough area is a place where there is a lot of violence or crime〔地方〕多暴力的; 犯罪率高的:
•a rough part of town城里较乱的地区
6. WEATHER / SEA 天气/海, with strong wind or storms暴风雨的; 风浪大的;ANTcalm
•The ship went down in rough seas .船在汹涌的波涛中沉没了。
7. VOICE / SOUND 嗓音/声音
a. not sounding soft or gentle, and often rather unpleasant or angry〔声音〕不悦耳的，粗声粗气的:
•Barton's deep, rough voice巴顿低沉沙哑的嗓音
b. having an unpleasant sound, especially because there is something wrong with a machine刺耳的，难听的〔尤指机器出现故障时发出的声音〕:
•The clutch sounds rough – better get it checked.离合器的声音不对头，最好检查一下。
8. SIMPLE / NOT WELL MADE 简单的/做得不好的, simple and often not very well made简单的; 粗糙的:
•a rough wooden table粗糙的木桌
9. NOT COMFORTABLE 不舒服的, uncomfortable, and with difficult conditions不舒服的; 条件艰苦的:
•The journey was long and rough.旅途漫长而艰苦。
10. have rough edges also be rough around the edges
a. to have some parts that are not as good as they should be, but that are not a serious problem有小问题，有不足之处:
•The team has a few rough edges, but they're winning more games.这支球队虽然有些小问题，但他们赢得了更多的比赛。
b. if a person is rough around the edges, they are not very polite, educated etc〔人〕粗鲁，粗俗
11. rough night a night when you did not sleep well不眠之夜，辗转反侧的一夜:
•Mickey had a rough night last night.米基昨晚睡得很不安稳。
12. a rough deal something that happens to you that is unfair or unpleasant不公平的待遇; 不愉快的事:
•He's had a rough deal with his wife leaving him like that.妻子就这样离开了，这对他很不公平。
13. feel rough BrE informalto feel ill感觉身体不适
14. look rough BrE informalto look untidy, dirty, or unhealthy看上去邋遢（肮脏，不健康）:
•After travelling for two days we must have looked pretty rough.在路上走了两天，我们肯定是蓬头垢面的。
15. rough and ready not perfect, but good enough for a particular purpose粗糙但能用的:
•The tests are only a rough and ready guide to a pupil's future development.这些测试只能大致看出一个学生未来的发展。
16. rough justice punishment that is not decided in a court in the usual legal way, and that is often severe or unfair私刑:
•Gangs practise a kind of rough justice on their members.黑帮对其成员用私刑。
—roughness noun U
⇒ROUGH DIAMOND,ROUGH PAPER,ROUGHLY
 2 
roughnoun
1. the rough uneven ground with long grass on an area where people play golf〔高尔夫球场的〕深草区;ANTgreen
2. take the rough with the smooth to accept the bad things in life as well as the good ones既能享乐也能吃苦; 好坏都能接受:
•You have to learn to take the rough with the smooth.你要学会好坏都能承受。
3. Ca picture drawn very quickly, not showing all the details草图，略图;SYNsketch
•a rough of the proposed housing development拟建住宅区的草图
4. in rough BrEif you write or draw something in rough, you do it without paying attention to details or tidiness, because you are going to do it again later粗略地，大致地:
•It's best to work in rough first, and then write it out neatly.最好先打一个草稿，然后再工整地誊写出来。
5. a bit of rough BrE informalsomeone from a lower social class than you, with whom you have a sexual relationship〔社会地位比自己低的〕性伙伴
⇒DIAMOND IN THE ROUGH
 3 
roughverb
1. rough it informalto live for a short time in conditions that are not very comfortable〔短时期〕过艰苦的生活:
•I don't mind roughing it for a while.偶尔艰苦一下，我无所谓。
 PHRASAL VERBS 
rough sth ↔ out
BrEto draw or write something without including all the details勾勒，画…的轮廓; 草拟:
•a diagram the engineer had roughed out on his notepad工程师在记事本上画的一幅草图
rough sb ↔ up
•informal
 4 
roughadverb
1. sleep rough BrEto sleep outside with nothing to protect you from the weather, especially because you have no home to live in露宿〔尤因无家可归〕:
•the number of people sleeping rough on the street露宿街头的人数
2. play rough to play in a fairly violent way玩得粗野
⇒cut up rough at CUT UP(4)
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627

rough
1 rough /ˈrʌf/ adjective
rougher; roughest
1 rough
/ˈrʌf/
adjective
rougher; roughest
Learner's definition of ROUGH
[also more rough; most rough]
1 
: having a surface that is not even粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的
— opposite smooth
2 
: having or causing sudden, violent movements猛烈的；剧烈的
— opposite smooth
3 
somewhat informal : difficult or unpleasant to deal with艰难的；讨厌的；令人不快的
4 
: not calm : having large waves, strong winds, storms, etc.不平静的；风浪很大的；汹涌的
5 
: not gentle or careful : causing or likely to cause harm or injury粗暴的；粗野的
6 
: having a lot of crime or danger犯罪盛行的；危险的
7 
: made or done in a way that is simple or that needs further changes, improvements, etc.简单的；简陋的；不完善的
8 
always used before a noun : not precise or exact : not including all the details粗略的；不确切的；大致的
9 
: having a harsh sound刺耳的
10 
British, informal : not well不舒服的；不适的

— roughness

noun [noncount]
2 rough /ˈrʌf/ adverb
2 rough
/ˈrʌf/
adverb
Learner's definition of ROUGH
1 
: in a rough way粗糙地；粗略地；粗暴地
2 
British : outside and without shelter风餐露宿
3 rough /ˈrʌf/ noun
plural roughs
3 rough
/ˈrʌf/
noun
plural roughs
Learner's definition of ROUGH
1 
the rough golf : an area on a golf course covered with tall grass that makes it difficult to hit the ball（高尔夫球场的）长草区，深草区
2 
[count] : something (such as a drawing) that is done quickly and is not detailed or finished草稿；草图
3 
[count] informal + old-fashioned : a person who is loud and violent粗野的人；暴徒

in rough

British
: in an unfinished form作为草稿

in the rough

chiefly US
: in an unfinished or rough state未完成的；未加工的；未雕琢的
— see also diamond in the rough

take the rough with the smooth

chiefly British
: to accept and deal with the bad or unpleasant things that happen in addition to the good or pleasant things好事坏事都能接受；既能享乐也能吃苦
4 rough /ˈrʌf/ verb
roughs; roughed; roughing
4 rough
/ˈrʌf/
verb
roughs; roughed; roughing
Learner's definition of ROUGH
[+ object] American football + ice hockey
: to hit (a player) very hard in a way that is not allowed by the rules（在美式橄榄球、冰球等比赛中对对手）动粗

rough in

[phrasal verb]
rough (something) in or rough in (something)
: to make a rough or unfinished version of (something, such as a design) as the first step in creating the finished version打草稿；画底稿

rough it

informal
: to live usually for a short time without the normal things that make life comfortable因陋就简地生活

rough out

[phrasal verb]
rough (something) out or rough out (something)
: to make (something, such as a drawing or a list) quickly and without including all the details草拟；画…草图

rough up

[phrasal verb]
rough (someone) up or rough up (someone) informal
: to hit and hurt (someone)殴打；使受伤
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
高考 CET-4 CET-6 考研 TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627

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